附录Shell 命令参考
文件与进程命令
文件操作
| 命令 | 用法 |
|---|---|
ls | ls [-lRsh] <dir> |
cat | cat <path> [<path> ...] |
cp | cp [-r] <src> <dest> |
mv | mv <old> <new> |
rm | rm [-rf] <path> |
mkdir | mkdir [-p] <path> |
rmdir | rmdir <path> |
ln | ln [-s] <target> <link> |
readlink | readlink <link> |
truncate | truncate -s <length> <path> |
cmp | cmp <path1> <path2> |
md5 | md5 <path> |
dd | dd if=<in> of=<out> [bs=<size>] [count=<n>] [skip=<n>] [seek=<n>] |
hexdump | hexdump <path> |
mount | mount [-t <fstype> [-o <opts>] [<dev>] <mount-point>] |
umount | umount <dir> |
路径工具
| 命令 | 用法 |
|---|---|
basename | basename <path> [<suffix>] |
dirname | dirname <path> |
pwd | pwd |
cd | cd <path> |
进程管理
| 命令 | 用法 |
|---|---|
ps | ps [-heap] [pid ...] |
kill | kill [-<signal>] <pid> |
pkill | pkill [-<signal>] <name> |
pidof | pidof <name> |
wait | wait pid1 [pid2 ...] |
nice | nice [-d <niceness>] <cmd> |
sleep | sleep <sec> |
usleep | usleep <usec> |
系统信息
| 命令 | 用法 |
|---|---|
uname | uname [-a] |
uptime | uptime |
date | date [-s "MMM DD HH:MM:SS YYYY"] |
df | df |
free | free |
dmesg | dmesg |
env | env |
resetcause | resetcause |
fdinfo | fdinfo [pid] |
time | time "<command>" |
常见场景
- 看挂载和空间：先
mount，再df - 查进程和句柄：先
ps，再fdinfo [pid] - 对比文件或做快速校验：
cmp/md5